JACOB BEIRIGER, BS ASIF ILYAS, MD, MBA, FACS SUMMARY POINTS Early treatment with NSAIDs or steroids leads to prolonged pain following...

Patrick Ioffreda, BS Asif Ilyas, MD, MBA, FACS SUMMARY POINTS Chronic pain is prevalent in over two-thirds of patients following spinal...

DANIEL CALEM, BA MARK KURD, MD SUMMARY POINTS Spine surgery has historically relied on the routine use of opioids, with spine surgery...